Page was eager to accept the invitation to speak at NES, and he sought 556 approval from Trump Campaign officials to make the trip to Russia. On May 16, 2016, while that request was still under consideration, Page emailed Clovis, J.D. Gordon, and Walid Phares and suggested that candidate Trump take his 557 place speaking at the commencement ceremony in Moscow. On June 19, 2016, Page followed up again to request approval to speak at the NES event and to reiterate that NES “would love to have Mr. Trump speak at this annual 558 celebration” in Page’s place. Campaign manager Corey Lewandowski responded the same day, saying, “If you want to do this, it would be out side [sic] of your role with the DJT for President campaign. I am certain Mr. Trump 559 will not be able to attend.” In early July 2016, Page traveled to Russia for the NES events. On July 5, 560 2016, Denis Klimentov, copying his brother, Dmitri Klimentov, emailed Maria Zakharova, the Director of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ Information and Press Department, about Page’s visit and his connection to the 561 Trump Campaign. Denis Klimentov said in the email that he wanted to draw 562 the Russian government’s attention to Page’s visit in Moscow. His message to Zakharova continued: “Page is Trump’s adviser on foreign policy. He is a known businessman; he used to work in Russia. . . . If you have any questions, I 563 will be happy to help contact him.” Dmitri Klimentov then contacted Russian Press Secretary Dmitry Peskov about Page’s visit to see if Peskov wanted to 564 introduce Page to any Russian government officials. The following day, Peskov responded to what appears to have been the same Denis Klimentov- Zakharova email thread. Peskov wrote, “I have read about [Page]. Specialists say that he is far from being the main one. So I better not initiate a meeting in the 565 Kremlin.” On July 7, 2016, Page delivered the first of his two speeches in Moscow at 566 NES. In the speech, Page criticized the U.S. government’s foreign policy toward Russia, stating that “Washington and other Western capitals have impeded potential progress through their often hypocritical focus on ideas such 567 as democratization, inequality, corruption and regime change.” On July 8, 568 2016, Page delivered a speech during the NES commencement. After Page delivered his commencement address, Russian Deputy Prime Minister and NES